fdisk 是 Linux 的磁盘分区表操作工具。
语法:
fdisk [-l] 装置名称
选项与参数:
列出所有分区信息
[root@AY120919111755c246621 tmp]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvda1 * 1 2550 20480000 83 Linux /dev/xvda2 2550 2611 490496 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x56f40944 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/xvdb2 1 2610 20964793+ 83 Linux
找出你系统中的根目录所在磁盘,并查阅该硬盘内的相关信息
[root@www ~]# df / <==注意:重点在找出磁盘文件名而已 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hdc2 9920624 3823168 5585388 41% / [root@www ~]# fdisk /dev/hdc <==仔细看,不要加上数字喔! The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 5005. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): <==等待你的输入!
输入 m 后,就会看到底下这些命令介绍
Command (m for help): m <== 输入 m 后,就会看到底下这些命令介绍 Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition <==删除一个partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition <==新增一个partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table <==在屏幕上显示分割表 q quit without saving changes <==不储存离开fdisk程序 s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit <==将刚刚的动作写入分割表 x extra functionality (experts only)
离开 fdisk 时按下 q
,那么所有的动作都不会生效!相反的, 按下w
就是动作生效的意思。
Command (m for help): p <== 这里可以输出目前磁盘的状态 Disk /dev/hdc: 41.1 GB, 41174138880 bytes <==这个磁盘的文件名与容量 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5005 cylinders <==磁头、扇区与磁柱大小 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes <==每个磁柱的大小 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hdc1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux /dev/hdc2 14 1288 10241437+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc3 1289 1925 5116702+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc4 1926 5005 24740100 5 Extended /dev/hdc5 1926 2052 1020096 82 Linux swap / Solaris # 装置文件名 启动区否 开始磁柱 结束磁柱 1K大小容量 磁盘分区槽内的系统 Command (m for help): q
想要不储存离开吗?按下 q 就对了!不要随便按 w 啊!
使用 p
可以列出目前这颗磁盘的分割表信息,这个信息的上半部在显示整体磁盘的状态。
磁盘分割完毕后自然就是要进行文件系统的格式化,格式化的命令非常的简单,使用 mkfs
(make filesystem) 命令。
语法:
mkfs [-t 文件系统格式] 装置文件名
选项与参数:
查看 mkfs 支持的文件格式
[root@www ~]# mkfs[tab][tab] mkfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat
按下两个[tab],会发现 mkfs 支持的文件格式如上所示。
将分区 /dev/hdc6(可指定你自己的分区) 格式化为 ext3 文件系统:
[root@www ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdc6 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) Filesystem label= <==这里指的是分割槽的名称(label) OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) <==block 的大小配置为 4K Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 251392 inodes, 502023 blocks <==由此配置决定的inode/block数量 25101 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=515899392 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 15712 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done <==有日志记录 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. # 这样就创建起来我们所需要的 Ext3 文件系统了!简单明了!